Knee Prosthesis Design

About the Project

Motivation: The increasing demand for knee replacement surgeries due to degenerative diseases has necessitated the design of lighter, more durable prosthetic knee joints. This project aims to develop and analyze a prosthetic knee joint capable of sustaining high loads while maintaining biomechanical compatibility and cost-efficiency.

Objective: The project seeks to design and analyze a flexible prosthetic knee joint using materials with high longevity, low maintenance, and excellent biomechanical compatibility. It focuses on von-Mises stress, total deformation, and strain distribution under varying loads.

Technical Overview

Design and Analysis

The project utilized the following tools and methodologies:

  • CAD Modeling: CATIA V5 was used for creating the 3D model of the knee prosthesis.
  • Finite Element Analysis (FEA): ANSYS 14.5 was employed to simulate stress, deformation, and strain distributions under static conditions.
  • Material Selection: Analysis of biomaterials such as TI-6AL-4V, TI-6AL-7NB, and ABS for their suitability in prosthetic applications.
  • Boundary Conditions: Load simulations considered static and dynamic forces during walking and running activities.

Material Properties

The study evaluated various biomaterials:

  • TI-6AL-4V: High strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility.
  • TI-6AL-7NB: Similar properties to TI-6AL-4V with enhanced mechanical performance.
  • ABS: Lightweight and cost-effective for temporary implants.
  • Stainless Steel 316L: Limited corrosion resistance but widely used for temporary orthopedic implants.

Results

  • Stress Distribution: TI-6AL-7NB showed optimal stress distribution and resistance under high loads.
  • Deformation: Total deformation was minimized using titanium alloys compared to ABS and stainless steel.
  • Durability: Titanium alloys exhibited superior long-term durability and biocompatibility.

Challenges and Solutions

  • Complex Geometry: Accurate modeling of the knee joint's anatomical structure using CATIA.
  • Material Selection: Extensive testing of biomaterials to ensure biocompatibility and mechanical reliability.
  • Load Analysis: Iterative simulations in ANSYS to refine load distribution and optimize geometry.

Technologies Used

  • CAD Software: CATIA V5 for 3D modeling.
  • FEA Software: ANSYS 14.5 for structural analysis.
  • Materials: TI-6AL-4V, TI-6AL-7NB, Stainless Steel 316L, ABS.

Future Scope

  • Advanced Materials: Exploration of next-generation biomaterials with improved fatigue resistance.
  • Dynamic Analysis: Incorporating real-time gait data to refine stress and deformation simulations.
  • AI Integration: Using machine learning to predict wear patterns and optimize designs further.